BILL’S MARINE RADIO AND OBSERVATION TOPICS
Last updated January 10, 2024
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Coastal and harbour shipping almost entirely uses the VHF Marine Band for communications between ships and as well with shore facilities. This band consists internationally of 57 channels numbered 1 to 28 and 60 to 88, but not all of these are used in Canadian waters. Communications on board ships in order to conduct their own operations may be on the lesser-known Marine UHF Band which is charted below. There may be some residual use of the old MF 2 MHz band using SSB. This who are familiar with my own radio history will know of my extensive background of listening on that band in the 1960's and 70's. You will still hear Halifax Coast Guard Radio broadcasting on 2749 kHz, and it continues to monitor 2182 kHz, the 2 MHz international calling and emergency frequency. I myself do not at all listen on this band any longer, and at present I am not in any way further discussing this band on my site but may do so in the future. VHF Channels in frequent use in the harbour and in the adjoining area. Note that all major vessels utilize DSC radios that allow digital calling on Channel 70 (156.525 MHz). All official shore stations will have this capability. You will not hear any voice transmissions on Channel 70.
In addition, many
vessels will have AIS capability. This is a system by which vessel
identification and location Note that you may hear voice traffic on other channels. Some will be legitimate utilization of other intership channels for use by tugs and workboats. Recreational boaters might be considered less cognizant of channel authorizations and therefore might be heard on practically any channel they think no one is using.
CANADIAN UHF MARINE BAND The
following frequencies are authorized for use onboard ships in Canadian
waters for communications within the ship. Power is restricted to 5
watts and is Simplex. Note that while these are the
authorized frequencies, there are many different ships of various
nationalities and levels of adherence to rules that visit our ports, and therefore you may hear
other 400 MHz UHF frequencies in use, including FRS/GMRS. You
may also hear other frequency bands in use. Note that the Canadian
authorized frequencies clash with the American GMRS band usage, i.e. some of
these frequencies are part of GMRS in the USA.
Halifax Vessel Traffic Management System ("Halifax Traffic") Many busy marine areas around the world are more regulated than are the open ocean areas. These areas might be harbours or narrow bodies of water where it is crucial to minimize the chance of collisions. In our region there are Vessel Traffic Management Systems (commonly abbreviated to VTS) in the following areas: Fundy Traffic, centering on Saint John but covering the entire Bay of Fundy Northumberland Traffic, covering the Strait, as well as Charlottetown and including the Confederation Bridge Strait of Canso Traffic, covering the eastern and western approaches to the strait, and the strait itself Halifax Traffic which is described in more detail here. Canadian VTS operations are co-located with Coast Guard Radio Stations, and in today's world might be situated considerable distance from the areas being managed. VTS is not control in the sense that an Air Traffic Control centre or tower gives definitive bearings or speed commands. It is more of an advisory system, with decision power remaining in the master's hands. The Halifax Traffic system is based on three surveillance radar stations at Shannon Hill (for Bedford Basin and the area between the bridges), Georges Island (for the main inner harbour area) and Chebucto Head (for the outer harbour beyond Maugher's Beach, and for the harbour approaches). All large ships participate in the system, whereas smaller vessels including many recreational craft, fishing vessels and work boats do not have to, but may if they wish). Participating vessels communicate on VHF with the operator at Halifax Traffic. The outer area is on Channel 14, and the inner area is on Channel 12. Due to the relatively busy conditions in the inner harbour, Channel 12 is the more active of the two, and is the primary channel to have in your scanner to assist with your observations. The system also consists of laid-out pathways on the water that ships should follow. This includes various traffic lanes in the approaches to the harbour out in open water. These lanes are intended both for avoidance of shoals and other natural dangers, but also to ensure separation of vessels from each other. When a foreign ship is approaching
Halifax it will already have sent word through its local agent that it will
be arriving and approximately when. Click
here for the APA (Atlantic Pilotage Authority) pilots assignment page,
which will tell you of upcoming movements of ships requiring pilots at
Halifax and other ports in the Maritimes. The pilot dispatcher will have arranged for the pilot to be at the pilot boarding station at the proper time. The pilot is taken to that location on the pilot boat. There are several pilot boats stationed around the Maritimes, and it is not completely set as to which one will be at any particular port, as they do move around. There are normally two pilot boats in Halifax, one being a backup. Regardless of which one is in service and what its particular name is, the pilot boat on air is normally simply referred to as "Pilot Boat" so as to keep it simple for the foreign personnel. The Halifax pilot boats are stationed on the Dartmouth side of the harbour. Most of the APA boats are painted with yellow superstructure. As the incoming ship enters the designated lane out at the approaches it will be in contactg with Halifax Traffic on Channel 14. Occasionally you will hear them call on Channel 16, if they have misunderstood what is the correct initial contact channel. At that time the Halifax Traffic operator and the ships officers will reaffirm the ETA to the pilot boarding station, and details will be passed re speed and the side of the ship on which the boarding ladder will be rigged, which is based on wind and swell direction. Once the pilot is boarded they take over practical management of the ship, but the master remains legally in control. Canadian ships generally do not require a pilot and the master is on her or his own. The ship or rather the personnel on it remain on the VTS channel but will have another radio still on Channel 16 and perhaps even more on other channels. There are a number of calling-in points at which the ship must report it is passing by. Once passing our of the approaches and into the outer harbour itself, the ship will be told to change to Channel 12. Many smaller vessels such as the ferries operate only in the inner harbour and therefore are always on Channel 12. Here is an official diagram from RAMN showing the Halifax system:
In the inner harbour vessels may also be on other channels. The harbour tugs usually operate on Channel 7 and you will hear them talking amongst themselves or with the pilot of the ship they are assisting on this channel. Note that even our own naval ships adhere to the VTS system and operate on Channels 12 and 14, but they also use Channel 10 in the dockyard area for movements such as docking and moving from one berth to another. In these areas the Queen's Harbour Master (QHM) has authority over naval vessels and therefore you will commonly hear traffic between naval ships (and naval auxiliary ships) and QHM.
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